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Federalism Form and Function in the Detroit Bankruptcy

Submitted by admin2 on

This article tests the premise of limited federal court involvement in municipal bankruptcy cases against the real world of Detroit’s restructuring. The study is based on listening to digital audio recordings of court hearings and status conferences throughout the case in nearly real time, coupled with other primary source materials. Under the right conditions, we learn, a federal court can formally honor the explicit restrictions in the Bankruptcy Code while functionally exercising significant influence throughout a chapter 9 case. Some of the channels of influence operate beyond public view, including confidential mediation overseen by a powerful chief district judge and the court's feasibility team that, according to witness testimony, collaborated quite extensively with city officials. These tools form what I call the Detroit Blueprint – a procedural precedent sure to affect other municipal restructurings more than the (limited) substantive doctrine the case generated.

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Economic Slump Misery Deepens for Puerto Rico

Submitted by ckanon@abi.org on
Puerto Rico's entrenched economic crisis is leading people to either cut their personal spending to the basics or flee to the mainland to search for jobs, contributing to the struggles of those left on the island, the Associated Press reported on Saturday. Nearly 10 years into a deep economic slump, Puerto Rico is no closer to pulling out, and, in fact, is poised to plummet further. The unemployment rate is above 12 percent. About 144,000 people left the U.S. territory between 2010 and 2013, and about a third of all people born in Puerto Rico now live in the U.S. mainland. Its debt-burdened power utility already charges rates that on average are twice those of the mainland and is under pressure from bondholders to raise them higher. If defaults continue, analysts say Puerto Rico will face numerous lawsuits and increasingly limited access to markets, putting a recovery even more out of reach.
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Puerto Rico Has Another Debt Worry on Horizon

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

After openly acknowledging on Monday that it had not made a $58 million bond payment, the Puerto Rico quietly disclosed in a financial filing later that afternoon that it had temporarily stopped making contributions of $92 million a month into a fund that is used to make payments on an additional $13 billion in bond debt, the New York Times reported today. A small payment from the fund is due on Sept. 1. Unlike the bond payments that went into default on Monday, the ones coming due are on general obligation bonds — the kind many investors have been led to believe would never go into default because the issuer’s full faith, credit and taxing authority stand behind them. Puerto Rico issued such bonds over the years to raise money for a variety of government projects, and investors bought them eagerly because the island’s constitution explicitly guaranteed that such bonds would be paid.

Puerto Rico Defaults on Most of Bond Payment

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

Puerto Rico defaulted on a $58 million bond payment yesterday, a risky move that seemed to intensify the pressure on creditors for broader debt renegotiation, but might also make future borrowing far more difficult, the New York Times reported today. Whether Puerto Rico would make the payments was a subject of intense speculation among legal and financial experts for days as yesterday’s deadline approached. Although the island made a payment on the interest of about $628,000, it said it lacked the funds to pay the full amount. Puerto Rico is carrying more than $72 billion in debt, and that has raised serious questions about its financial future. Puerto Rico’s governor, Alejandro García Padilla, has called the total debt “unpayable” and is calling for a broadly based debt moratorium; details are to be released on Sept. 1. But some big institutional bondholders are disputing the idea that a global restructuring is necessary and are warning that unilateral actions by Puerto Rico will cause disruption and pain on the island, similar to the dislocations in Greece.

 

 

Commentary: Puerto Rico Doesn’t Have the Money

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

 

 

 
 

August 4, 2015

 
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  NEWS AND ANALYSIS

COMMENTARY: PUERTO RICO DOESN'T HAVE THE MONEY

When Alejandro García Padilla, the governor of Puerto Rico, announced on June 29th that the territory's $72 billion public debt was unsustainable, he warned that the only alternative to a comprehensive restructuring "would be the unilateral and unplanned non-payment of obligations," according to a commentary today in The Economist. García Padilla was presumably hoping to intimidate Puerto Rico's recalcitrant creditors into accepting their inevitable losses, thus averting disaster. Just a month later, the worst-case scenario has started to become a reality, according to the commentary. Puerto Rico's Public Finance Corporation (PFC), a government agency, yesterday was scheduled to transfer $58 million to its bondholders. However, the PFC depends on the island's legislature to appropriate funds for its debt service. And its lawmakers had conspicuously failed to do so, according to the commentary, for one simple reason: in the words of Víctor Suárez, the governor’s chief of staff, "We don’t have the money." As a result, the PFC only managed to send off a token $628,000. The market's enforcers did not hesitate to render their judgment: as soon as the business day ended, the rating agency Moody's announced that it considered the security in default. Read the full commentary.

The August ABI Journal features an exclusive commentary from Puerto Rico's representative in Congress, Resident Commissioner Pedro R. Pierluisi. He outlines Puerto Rico's problems and how his legislation, H.R. 870, works to address them by authorizing chapter 9 for the territory. Click here to read the commentary in the August ABI Journal.

LENDERS PITCH REFINANCED LOANS TO SELECT GRADUATES

More student lenders are for the first time offering to refinance the loans of professionals who are years out of college, promising low rates in return for the prospect of lucrative new customers, the Wall Street Journal reported on Friday. A growing number of lenders have started refinancing the debt of select graduates with high credit scores and, often, high-paying jobs. Five lenders who jumped into the business staring in 2012 have already refinanced about $5 billion in loans, while Goldman Sachs Group Inc. estimates $200 billion of student loans could be eligible for refinancing. Lenders looking at growth in the business see an opportunity to snatch customers from large banks and the federal government. They also are betting that helping customers save money in their 20s or 30s will allow them to "cross-sell" investment advice or other services later. Nearly 93 percent of outstanding student-loan balances are made up of federal loans, which remain the cheapest loan option for many student borrowers. Federal student loans were created decades ago to promote economic mobility, and they charge the same interest rate regardless of the borrowers' income or credit score. Historically, refinancing for a lower rate was generally limited to the small slice of the market handled by private lenders. But in recent years, companies such as Social Finance Inc. have been refinancing both private and federal loans. Read more. (Subscription required.)

 

 

CONSUMER DEMAND GROWS FOR CREDIT PRODUCTS

The Federal Reserve's latest survey of senior loan officers released yesterday showed that consumer demand for home, auto and credit card loans appears to be growing, the Wall Street Journal reported today. Most banks said they hadn't changed the standards or terms of their consumer loans during the three months ended in July. A few of the large banks, however, reported they had eased their standards for credit card loans. As well, a few large banks reported that they had increased credit limits and reduced minimum credit scores to open accounts. This confirms the push to expand credit cards that was apparent in big banks’ second-quarter earnings. Bank of America, for one, said it had issued 1.3 million cards, its biggest quarterly tally since 2008. Wells Fargo and JPMorgan Chase also reported a rise in credit card activity. Citigroup indicated that it is looking to follow up on its deal to issue Costco's private-label credit cards by purchasing more card portfolios. As of June, the ratio of credit card and other revolving debt issued by the big banks to personal consumption expenditures was just around its post-recession average, according to Federal Reserve data. Meanwhile, delinquency rates remain extremely low. Read more. (Subscription required.)

U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE REJECTS AMERICAN EXPRESS CLASS ACTION SETTLEMENT

U.S. District Judge Nicholas Garaufis today rejected a proposed class action settlement between American Express Co. and merchants who sued the company over swipe fees, ruling that a lawyer for the merchants compromised the fairness of the agreement, Reuters reported. Judge Garaufis ruled that lawyer Gary Friedman acted improperly by talking about the case and sharing confidential information with a friend who represented MasterCard Inc. in a parallel class action against MasterCard and Visa Inc. Garaufis wrote that Friedman repeatedly violated court rules meant to protect confidential information and created a conflict of interest. The violations were so blatant that in at least two emails, Friedman wrote to his friend, "burn after reading." Judge Garaufis ordered Friedman removed as co-lead counsel for the merchants and ordered a new round of written briefs to be filed in the case by Sept. 8. Read more.

ABI WANTS TO SEE YOU IN PHOENIX THIS DECEMBER FOR THE WINTER LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE!

Join ABI on Dec. 3-5, 2015, at the historic Arizona Biltmore in downtown Phoenix for the 27th Annual Winter Leadership Conference. This can’t-miss event is always a member favorite and this year will be no exception! There will be topics designed for consumer and business practitioners, as well as financial advisors. Earn up to 12/14 hours of CLE/CPE credit and 2.75/3 hours of ethics, and enjoy a plethora of social and networking events.

Highlights from the conference include:

  • Optional events, including a golf tournament, kayaking, tennis, horseback riding and much more
  • Great Debates on chapter 11 plans, whether a bankruptcy judge can disband a creditors’ committee and must a creditor file a proof of claim
  • BAPCPA Consumer Issues: 10-Year Anniversary Special
  • Nine joint committee sessions, provided by ABI's 18 committees
  • A live Bloomberg "Eye on Bankruptcy" luncheon presentation
  • A special Casino Night!
  • A judges’ roundtable on hot-button issues

Early-bird registration ends Oct. 2 so be sure to register to take advantage of the savings!

ATTENDING AN ABI CONFERENCE? MAXIMIZE YOUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE OFFICIAL ABI EVENTS APP!

With this interactive mobile app, you can:

- View a complete listing of ABI events
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Everything you need to attend ABI events is a few taps away: Download the ABI Events app today!

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ABI thanks Donlin, Recano & Co. for its generous sponsorship of the ABI Events app.

ON-DEMAND VIDEO COURSE HELPS YOU PREPARE FOR THE ABC BOARD CERTIFICATION TEST!

Achieving American Board Certification (ABC) means you have met the rigorous, objective standards of a top professional in the areas of bankruptcy and/or creditors' rights. The ABC Exam is the essential step in this process, and this 5-part on-demand course will prepare you for the test. This intro video explains the benefits of ABC certification, the steps in the process and what to expect in the exam. The full exam prep course will qualify for 6 hours of CLE credit (where permitted for online learning), including 1 hour of ethics. The course is $295 for ABI members; $395 for non-members. The non-member $395 fee also includes 1 year of ABI Membership (a $295 value). Click here for more information and to purchase the course.
 

NEW CASE SUMMARY ON VOLO: BRUMFIEL V. U.S. BANK, ET AL. (10TH CIR.)

Summarized by Brandon Bickle of GableGotwals

Applying de novo review, the Tenth Circuit concluded that the debtor's claims for injunctive relief were moot because U.S. Bank was no longer pursuing its non-judicial Rule 120 procedure, and the debtor's claims for money damages were property of her bankruptcy estate pursuant to 11 U.S.C. s. 541.

There are more than 1,800 appellate opinions summarized on Volo, and summaries typically appear within 24 hours of the ruling. Click here regularly to view the latest case summaries on ABI's Volo website.

NEW ON ABI'S BANKRUPTCY BLOG EXCHANGE: DEFAULT RATE FOR U.S. MINING COMPANIES JUMPS TO HIGHEST IN MORE THAN FIVE YEARS

The debt hole for U.S. miners is deepening, according to a recent blog post, as coal producer Alpha Natural Resources Inc.’s chapter 11 bankruptcy filing yesterday helped push a measure of financial woe among U.S. miners to its highest level in more than five years. The trailing-year default rate for U.S. metals and mining companies tracked by Fitch Ratings surged to 10 percent from July’s 7 percent, the highest reading since at least the start of 2010, according to the firm.

For more, be sure to check out today's Chart of the Day.

To read more on this blog and all others on the ABI Blog Exchange, please click here.

ATTENDING AN ABI CONFERENCE? MAXIMIZE YOUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE OFFICIAL ABI EVENTS APP!

With this interactive mobile app, you can:

- View a complete listing of ABI events
- View the full schedule for specific ABI conferences, including all educational sessions and networking and optional events
- Access conference educational materials
- Access maps of meeting spaces and get information about the hotels and host cities
- View ABI conference exhibitors and sponsors
- Create your own profile, message other conference attendees, post photos and
- View up-to-the-minute schedule changes for ABI conferences
- Access information from previous ABI conferences

Everything you need to attend ABI events is a few taps away: Download the ABI Events app today!

- iOS: https://goo.gl/mVO5JG
- Android: https://goo.gl/CJyLaL

ABI thanks Donlin, Recano & Co. for its generous sponsorship of the ABI Events app.

INSOL INTERNATIONAL

INSOL International is a worldwide federation of national associations for accountants and lawyers who specialize in turnaround and insolvency. There are currently 23 member associations worldwide with more than 9,800 professionals participating as members of INSOL International. As a member association of INSOL, ABI's members receive a discounted subscription rate. See ABI's enrollment page for details.

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THURSDAY:

UPCOMING EVENTS:

23rd Annual Southwest Bankruptcy Conference
Sept. 10-12, 2015
Register Today!

41st Lawrence P. King & Charles Seligson Workshop on Bankruptcy and Business Reorganization
Sept. 16-17, 2015
Register Today!

20th Annual Views from the Bench Conference
Oct. 9, 2015
Register Today!

7th Circuit Consumer Bankruptcy Conference
Oct. 12, 2015
Register Today!

35th Annual Midwestern Bankruptcy Institute
Oct. 15-16, 2015
Register Today!

Corporate Restructuring Competition
Nov. 5-6, 2015
Register Today!

Complex Financial Restructuring Program
Nov. 5, 2015
Register Today!

11th Annual Detroit Consumer Bankruptcy Conference
Nov. 11, 2015
Register Today!

27th Annual Winter Leadership Conference
Dec. 3-5, 2015
Register Today!

ABI/St. John’s Bankruptcy Mediation Training Program
Dec. 6-10 2015
Register Today!

 


   
  CALENDAR OF EVENTS
 

2015

August
- Mid-Atlantic Bankruptcy Workshop
Aug. 6-8, 2015 | Hershey, Pa.

September
- Southwest Bankruptcy Conference
Sept. 10-12, 2015 | Las Vegas, Nev.
- Lawrence P. King & Charles Seligson Workshop on Bankruptcy and Business Reorganization
Sept. 16-17, 2015 | New York, N.Y.

October
- Views from the Bench Conference
Oct. 9, 2015 | Washington, D.C.
- 7th Circuit Consumer Bankruptcy Conference
Oct. 12, 2015 | Chicago, Ill.
 

 

 

- Midwestern Bankruptcy Institute
Oct. 15-16, 2015 | Kansas City, Mo.

November
- Corporate Restructuring Competition
Nov. 5-6, 2015 | Philadelphia, Pa.
- Complex Financial Restructuring Program
Nov. 5, 2015 | Philadelphia, Pa.
- Detroit Consumer Bankruptcy Conference
Nov. 11, 2015 | Detroit, Mich.

December
- Winter Leadership Conference
Dec. 3-5, 2015 | Phoenix, Ariz.
- ABI/St. John’s Bankruptcy Mediation Training Program
Dec. 6-10, 2015 | New York, N.Y.

 

 
 
FDICABI Endowment FundAsstDir
 

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Puerto Ricans Brace for Crisis in Health Care

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

The first visible sign that the health care system in Puerto Rico was seriously in trouble was when a steady stream of doctors — more than 3,000 in five years — began to leave the island for more lucrative, less stressful jobs on the mainland, the New York Times reported today. Now, as Puerto Rico faces another hefty cut to a popular Medicare program and grapples with an alarming shortage of Medicaid funds, its health care system is headed for an all-out crisis, which could further undermine the island’s gutted economy. And while the crisis is playing out most vividly today, its cause dates back decades and stems, in large part, from a vast disparity in federal funding for health care on the island compared with the 50 states. This disparity is partly responsible for $25 billion of Puerto Rico’s $73 billion debt, as its government was forced to borrow over time to keep the Medicaid program afloat, according to economists.

U.S. Investigates Ex-UBS Puerto Rico Adviser Over Loans for Debt Funds

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

UBS Group AG has confirmed a U.S. Justice Department criminal probe of an unnamed former employee in Puerto Rico, and disclosed a pair of related investigations by other regulators, the Wall Street Journal reported today. The former UBS employee is José Ramirez, a financial adviser who was fired last year. Ramirez has previously been the target of civil claims that he advised clients to take loans from UBS to buy funds from the bank underpinned by Puerto Rico debt securities that lost value, despite the terms of the loans barring their use to purchase securities. In a filing on Tuesday, Zurich-based UBS confirmed the Justice Department’s inquiry, and also disclosed for the first time that the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the Securities and Exchange Commission have made related information requests about clients’ use of loans to buy the UBS funds.

Today: Experts Examine Supreme Court Decisions, Puerto Rico's Debt Crisis on Free "Eye on Bankruptcy" Webinar

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

Today's "Eye on Bankruptcy" from Bloomberg Law and ABI features Judge Robert Drain (S.D.N.Y.) and Prof. Stephen Lubben (Seton Hall Law School) with host Bill Rochelle, discussing the implications of a series of important Supreme Court cases from this term: Baker Botts (professional fees), Wellness (bankruptcy court jurisdiction), Caulkett (lien stripping of mortgages), Bullard (appealability of final orders) and Harris (treatment of payments after conversion from Ch. 13). The experts also dive into a host of important circuit splits and update viewers on Puerto Rico’s options for dealing with its public debt. Click here to register.

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Rep. Pierluisi Calls for Chapter 9 Lifeline for Puerto Rico in August ABI Journal

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

Alexandria, Va. — Rep. Pedro R. Pierluisi, Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner and sponsor of the “Puerto Rico Chapter 9 Uniformity Act,” calls for congressional passage of his legislation to grant the U.S. territory the power to authorize its municipalities to file for chapter 9 in the August ABI Journal. “This bill would simply grant Puerto Rico a power that every state has and that Puerto Rico itself had for nearly half a century until Congress inexplicably removed it,” Pierluisi writes in his article “A Lifeline for Puerto Rico.” “Under the bill, Puerto Rico could seek to restructure the debts of its insolvent public corporations, not its central government.”

 

As a U.S. territory, Puerto Rico is currently excluded from authorizing its municipalities to seek relief under chapter 9. Puerto Rico has public debts of nearly $72 billion, and Pierluisi explains that the territory sought a local remedy to restructure nearly $20 billion in combined debt from its electric power authority (PREPA), the water and sewer authority (PRASA), and the highway and transportation authority (PRHTA). “Puerto Rico’s exclusion from chapter 9 led the territory’s government, in July 2014, to enact local legislation called the ‘Puerto Rico Public Corporation Debt Enforcement and Recovery Act [the “Recovery Act”],’” Pierluisi writes. “The Recovery Act sought to authorize certain Puerto Rico municipalities to adjust their debts, including PREPA, PRASA and PRHTA.”

 

However, a U.S. district court judge in February ruled that the Recovery Act was preempted by the federal Bankruptcy Code and is therefore invalid under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution. In July, the First Circuit affirmed the U.S. district court’s decision invalidating the Recovery Act. “The federal appeals court concluded that ‘Congress preserved to itself that power to authorize Puerto Rican municipalities to seek Chapter 9 relief,’” Pierluisi writes. “According to the court, Puerto Rico had only one option — to ‘turn to Congress for recourse.’” 

 

After the U.S. district court invalidated the Recovery Act, Pierluisi re-introduced legislation calling for Congress to grant Puerto Rico the power to authorize its municipalities to file for chapter 9.  “Passage of this bill would not resolve all of Puerto Rico’s economic problems,” Pierluisi writes, “but instead must be complemented by other reforms in both Washington, D.C. and San Juan.”

 

To obtain a copy of “A Lifeline for Puerto Rico,” published in the August issue of the ABI Journal, please contact John Hartgen at 703-894-5935 or via email at jhartgen@abi.org.

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ABI is the largest multi-disciplinary, nonpartisan organization dedicated to research and education on matters related to insolvency. ABI was founded in 1982 to provide Congress and the public with unbiased analysis of bankruptcy issues. The ABI membership includes more than 12,000 attorneys, accountants, bankers, judges, professors, lenders, turnaround specialists and other bankruptcy professionals, providing a forum for the exchange of ideas and information. For additional information on ABI, visit www.abiworld.org. For additional conference information, visit http://www.abi.org/calendar-of-events.

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Lew Warns That Puerto Rico Crisis Could Get Costly for U.S.

Submitted by jhartgen@abi.org on

U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew said that a failure by Congress to help Puerto Rico resolve its debts may hit the retirement portfolios of average Americans, as he stepped up his call for lawmakers to help the island, Bloomberg News reported yesterday. Lew endorsed legislation granting the commonwealth access to an orderly bankruptcy regime that’s needed to prevent a chaotic and protracted resolution of Puerto Rico’s financial troubles, an event he said would be costly both for the island and the U.S. “The continued deterioration of Puerto Rico’s economic and financial conditions has the potential to further harm retiree investment portfolios across the country,” Lew said in a letter to Republican Senator Orrin Hatch released yesterday. “A significant portion of Puerto Rico’s debt is still held directly by individual retail investors or indirectly through the municipal bond funds they own.” Lew’s statement comes as Congress prepares to take off for summer recess and as the chances of default are rising. On Aug. 1, $36.3 million of bonds sold by Puerto Rico’s Public Finance Corp. become due. The island’s legislature hasn’t appropriated the funds to settle that payment. Read more.

In related news, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio yesterday joined calls urging the U.S government to allow Puerto Rico's public entities to file for bankruptcy protection. A bill was introduced last year by Puerto Rico's representative in Congress Pedro Pierluisi to allow the U.S. territory to use federal bankruptcy laws to restructure the debt of its public agencies, but it has not won Republican support. A companion bill was introduced by Democratic Senators Richard Blumenthal (Conn.) and Charles Schumer (N.Y.) earlier in July. "If we don't do it, Puerto Rico simply can't get back on its feet," de Blasio said. Read more

The August ABI Journal features an exclusive commentary from Puerto Rico's representative in Congress, Resident Commissioner Pedro R. Pierluisi. He outlines Puerto Rico's problems and how his legislation, H.R. 870, works to address them by authorizing chapter 9 for the territory. Click here for more.