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Plan for Fannie Freddie Pits Taxpayers Against Investors

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Sen. Mike Crapo (R-Idaho) joined Sen. Tim Johnson (D-S.D.) to unveil the broad outlines of a proposal that would wind down Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, replace them with a new agency and shift some of the risk of mortgage losses to the private sector, The Washington Post reported yesterday. The lawmakers have declined to publicly discuss the details until they unveil their legislation, which could possibly happen today. But whether the companies are shut down or kept alive, the outcome of several investor lawsuits making their way through the courts will ultimately determine how much of the companies’ profit will go to investor groups. At issue is the arrangement that the government created when it took control of Fannie and Freddie at the height of the housing crisis in 2008. If the investors prevail in court and it is deemed that Fannie and Freddie have given all they need to give to the government, whatever is left over would be given to shareholders. The Treasury could collect some of the money with other common shareholders, and it would get first dibs. Fannie and Freddie have said that they expect to remain profitable, though not as profitable as they have been in the past few quarters. The Office of Management and Budget this week estimated that the companies could send $180 billion to the Treasury over the next 10 years.

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U.S. Criticized for Lack of Action on Mortgage Fraud

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Four years after President Obama promised to crack down on mortgage fraud, his administration has quietly made the crime its lowest priority and has closed hundreds of cases after little or no investigation, the Justice Department’s internal watchdog said on Thursday, The New York Times reported yesterday. The report by the department’s inspector general undercuts the president’s contention that the government is holding people responsible for the collapse of the financial and housing markets. In particular, the administration has been criticized for not pursuing large banks and their executives. The inspector general’s report shows that the FBI considered mortgage fraud to be its lowest-ranked national criminal priority. The FBI received $196 million from fiscal years 2009-11 to investigate mortgage fraud, the report said, but the number of pending cases and agents investigating them dropped in 2011. In 2012, the government reached a $25 billion civil settlement with the nation’s five largest mortgage servicers. Last year, the Justice Department announced a $13 billion settlement with JPMorgan Chase over the bank’s questionable mortgage practices. Members of Congress and others have criticized the Obama administration for going too easy on Wall Street banks and not taking mortgage fraud seriously enough.

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Two Key Senators Agree on FannieFreddie Overhaul

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A plan to phase out government-controlled mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and use mainly private insurers to backstop home loans has advanced in Congress, The Associated Press reported yesterday. The agreement by two key senators and a White House endorsement sent shares of Fannie and Freddie sinking Tuesday. Fannie stock fell $1.79, or more than 30 percent, to $4.03. Freddie dropped $1.48, or 26.8 percent, to $4.04. The plan by Sen. Tim Johnson (D-S.D.), chairman of the Banking Committee, and Sen. Mike Crapo of Idaho, its senior Republican, would create a new government insurance fund. Investors would pay fees in exchange for insurance on mortgage securities that they buy. The government would become a last-resort loan guarantor. President Barack Obama proposed an overhaul of Fannie and Freddie last year, but Congress has struggled to craft legislation. The government rescued the two mortgage giants at the height of the financial crisis in September 2008 with a $187 billion bailout, which they have since repaid.

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Jefferies to Pay 25 Million to Settle Mortgage Bond Trading Charges

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Jefferies LLC will pay $25 million to resolve U.S. criminal and civil investigations into its mortgage bond trading operations after one of its former traders was convicted for defrauding clients, and authorities said they are investigating whether other individuals broke the law, Reuters reported yesterday. The settlements announced on Wednesday by the U.S. Attorney in Connecticut, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the FBI resolve charges that Jefferies failed to properly supervise traders who cheated clients that took part in a federal program to kick-start bond markets after the 2008 financial crisis. The payout includes $14 million in fines and $11 million in restitution to customers, authorities said. Now part of Leucadia National Corp., Jefferies agreed to a non-prosecution agreement with U.S. Attorney Deirdre Daly in Connecticut in exchange for its cooperation and improved oversight of its employees.

Plan for Mortgage Giants Takes Shape

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Nearly six years after the government rescued Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, top members in the Senate and the White House agreed on a framework to wind down the mortgage giants and overhaul the nation's $10 trillion mortgage market, the Wall Street Journal reported today. The plan, by Senate Banking Committee leaders Tim Johnson (D-S.D.) and Mike Crapo (R-Idaho), calls for replacing Fannie and Freddie with a new system of federally insured mortgage securities in which private insurers would be required to take initial losses before any government guarantee would be triggered. Even though top Democrats and Republicans on the Senate panel have reached an agreement, a full Senate vote isn't assured, and there is even less certainty that members in the House will go along. There is deep unease among House Republicans to maintaining a significant federal backstop for the U.S. mortgage market. Congress will also be less likely to take up a bill as November's midterm elections draw closer, leaving less time for debate.

Analysis Mortgage Market Gets Reshuffled

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The government’s effort to push banks out of the mortgage-servicing business is propelling the transfer of customers' loans into companies such as hedge funds and nonbank financial firms, the Wall Street Journal reported today. The shift is fueling concern among federal and state regulators about the level of oversight and capital requirements in the industries now servicing a growing share of these loans. Banks such as Morgan Stanley, Bank of America Corp., Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Ally Financial Inc., have been selling mortgage-servicing rights to nonbank companies, including Ocwen Financial Corp. and Nationstar Mortgage Holdings Inc., which have doubled their servicing portfolios in the past year. About $1.03 trillion of mortgage-servicing rights were sold in 2013, with the vast majority going to nonbank firms, said Guy Cecala, publisher and chief executive officer of industry newsletter Inside Mortgage Finance. Among the 30 largest mortgage servicers, nonbank firms held a 17 percent market share at the end of 2013, up from 9 percent at the end of 2012 and 6 percent at the end of 2011.

New Lenders Spring Up to Cater to Subprime Sector

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ABI Bankruptcy Brief | March 6, 2014



 
  

March 6, 2014

 
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  NEWS AND ANALYSIS   

NEW LENDERS SPRING UP TO CATER TO SUBPRIME SECTOR

A crop of new lenders is jumping into the subprime personal-loan market, wooing consumers with flawed credit who have been neglected since the financial crisis, the Wall Street Journal reported today. Many lenders backed away from borrowers with poor credit histories after record defaults on subprime home loans helped trigger the recession in 2008. According to credit-data provider Equifax Inc., issuance of consumer loans and credit cards to people with credit scores below 660 -- subprime by the firm's widely used definition -- peaked at $87 billion in 2006 before dropping to a low of $28 billion in 2010. Subprime consumer lending climbed to $36 billion last year through October, according to the most recent data available from Equifax. Among firms that recently began originating loans for people with subprime credit is Lending Club, a peer-to-peer platform in which investors pool money to make consumer loans. In addition, Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen's firm, Vulcan Ventures, invested $125 million in FreedomPlus, a San Mateo, Calif., lender that opened its doors in mid-February. FreedomPlus, an offshoot of Freedom Financial Network, is targeting about 80 million people who have credit scores between 600 and 700. Read more. (Subscription required.)

ANALYSIS: CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU ISN'T OUT OF THE WOODS YET

While the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau may be two-and-a-half years old, Republicans in the House of Representatives are still taking aim at the agency, according to an analysis in the Washington Post last Friday. The House passed (232-182) a package of bills last Thursday that would replace the bureau's single director with a five-person commission, prevent it from collecting consumer credit card information, and make it easier for the Treasury's Financial Stability Oversight Council to overrule CFPB regulations. House Republicans have been trying to pass many of these proposals for years, which hobbled the fledgling agency's effectiveness by putting it on the defensive even though they never became law. Perhaps the most important component has to do with money: The legislation would change the CFPB's funding mechanism so that its budget comes from Congress rather than the Federal Reserve. It authorizes $300 million for each of the next two years, or about two-thirds of what the bureau has been spending annually. Prospects for the bill are not favorable, as the bill would not likely clear the Democratically-controlled Senate, and the White House has already promised not to sign it. Read more.

Click here to view H.R. 3193.

JUSTICES MAY LIMIT SECURITIES FRAUD SUITS

The Supreme Court yesterday seemed ready to impose new limits on securities fraud suits that would make it harder for investors to band together to pursue claims that they were misled when they bought or sold securities, but the justices did not seem inclined to issue a ruling that would put an end to most such suits, the New York Times DealBook blog reported yesterday. The new limits would be in keeping with earlier decisions from the court led by Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., which has made it more difficult for workers and consumers to pursue class actions. The decision in the case argued yesterday, expected by June, seems likely to do something similar in cases brought by investors. Companies facing fraud class actions prefer to address as many issues as they can before judges decide whether to certify a class. Once a class is certified, they say, the damages sought are often so enormous that the only rational calculation is to settle even if the chances of losing at trial are small. "Once you get the class certified, the case is over," Justice Antonin Scalia said yesterday in the oral argument of Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc. Several justices suggested that this phenomenon could be partly addressed through a proposal in a supporting brief filed by two law professors, which argued that plaintiffs should be required to show at an early stage "whether the alleged fraud affected market price." Read more.

For more on the case, please click here.

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NEW ABILIVE WEBINAR ON MARCH 20 EXAMINES HOW TO DRAFT LOAN WORKOUT AGREEMENTS

The next abiLIVE webinar will take place on March 20 from 1-2:30 p.m. ET and will examine how to draft loan workout agreements. Learn the purpose and legal underpinnings of the various component parts of frequently used workout documents such as forbearance agreements, intercreditor agreements and restructuring/override agreements. The panel will focus on real-world examples of good and bad provisions of workout documents and will provide drafting tips. Group discounts available! Click here to register.

LEADING SCHOLARS TO PRESENT RESEARCH AND PROPOSALS FOR POTENTIAL CHAPTER 11 REFORMS AT THE ABI ILLINOIS SYMPOSIUM ON CHAPTER 11 REFORM APRIL 3-5

Advancing the dialogue on important reform issues in conjunction with ABI's Commission to Study the Reform of Chapter 11, ABI and the University of Illinois College of Law have assembled leading scholars to present academic papers on issues related to the Commission's work. Scholars will present papers and debate the consequences of the increased importance of secured credit to modern restructuring law to members of the Commission and fellow scholars at the ABI Illinois Symposium on Chapter 11 Reform at the Kirkland & Ellis Conference Center in Chicago on April 3-5. The papers presented at the Symposium will be published in a forthcoming issue of the University of Illinois Law Review.



The purpose of ABI's Commission to Study the Reform of Chapter 11 is to study and propose reforms to chapter 11 and related statutory provisions that will better balance the goals of facilitating the effective reorganization of business debtors -- with the attendant preservation and expansion of jobs -- and maximizing and realizing asset values for all creditors and stakeholders. In addition to the papers presented at the Symposium, the Commission, made up of 22 commissioners and 13 advisory committees, is reviewing testimony provided at hearings over the past two years in preparation for delivery of a Final Report to Congress at the end of 2014.



The ABI-Illinois Symposium on Chapter 11 Reform will include the following papers:



- Creditor Conflict and the Efficiency of the Corporate Reorganization Process

- The Value of Soft Assets in Corporate Reorganizations

- Statutory Erosion of Secured Creditors' Rights: Some Insights from the U.K.

- Judicial Oversight of Financing in Detroit's Restructuring and Beyond

- The Logic and Limits of Liens

- An Empirical Investigation of Leases and Executory Contracts

- Default Penalties in Chapter 11

- When Does Some Federal Interest Require a Different Result? An Essay on the Use and Misuse of Butner v. United States

- What Is a Lien? Lessons from Municipal Bankruptcy

- Derivatives and Collateral: Balancing Remedies and Systemic Risk

- Rules of Thumb for Intercreditor Agreements

- The (Il?) legitimacy of Bankruptcies for the Benefit of Secured Creditors

- DIP Financing: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly

- The Bankruptcy Clause, the Fifth Amendment, and the Limited Rights of Secured Creditors in Bankruptcy

- Priority in Going-Concern Surplus

- The Board's Duty to Keep Its Options Open

- The Role of Secured Credit in Chapter 11 Cases: An Empirical View



For a schedule containing a list of all presenters and commentators at the Symposium, please click here.

ABI IN-DEPTH

NEW CASE SUMMARY ON VOLO: KEETON V. FLANAGAN (IN RE FLANAGAN; 9TH CIR.)

Summarized by Laury Macauley of Macauley Law Group

The Bankruptcy Appellate Panel of the Ninth Circuit affirmed in part the judgment of the bankruptcy court determining the nondischargeability of a claim under Bankruptcy Code § 523(a)(2)(A) (false pretenses), while reversing a determination of nondischargeability under Code § 523(a)(4) (embezzlement) because the money at issue had been loaned, it no longer belonged to the lender, and it could not be the subject of an embezzlement claim.

There are more than 1,200 appellate opinions summarized on Volo, and summaries typically appear within 24 hours of the ruling. Click here regularly to view the latest case summaries on ABI's Volo website.

NEW ON ABI'S BANKRUPTCY BLOG EXCHANGE:  MT. GOX'S BANKRUPTCY CASE WILL BE UNLIKE ANY OTHER

A recent blog post examines the Mt. Gox bankruptcy case, which involves a company that seemed to operate with only a few employees and almost no presence in the countries across the globe where it did business, and takes a look at cross-border bankruptcy law.

Be sure to check the site several times each day; any time a contributing blog posts a new story, a link to the story will appear on the top. If you have a blog that deals with bankruptcy, or know of a good blog that should be part of the Bankruptcy Exchange, please contact the ABI Web team.

ABI Quick Poll

The U.S. Trustee should generally appoint a single creditors' committee in jointly administered bankruptcy cases.

Click here to vote on this week's Quick Poll. Click here to view the results of previous Quick Polls.

INSOL INTERNATIONAL

INSOL International is a worldwide federation of national associations for accountants and lawyers who specialize in turnaround and insolvency. There are currently 43 member associations worldwide with more than 9,000 professionals participating as members of INSOL International. As a member association of INSOL, ABI's members receive a discounted subscription rate. See ABI's enrollment page for details.

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  CALENDAR OF EVENTS
 

2014

March
- Bankruptcy Battleground West
    March 11, 2014 | Los Angeles, Calif.
- Alexander L. Paskay Memorial
Bankruptcy Seminar

    March 13-15, 2014 | Tampa, Fla.
- abiLIVE Webinar: How to Draft Loan Workout Agreements
    March 20, 2014

April
- ABI Illinois Symposium on Chapter 11 Reform
    April 3-5, 2014 | Chicago

- Annual Spring Meeting
    April 24-27, 2014 | Washington, D.C.

May
- Credit & Bankruptcy Symposium
    May 1-2, 2014 | Uncasville, Conn.

- New York City Bankruptcy Conference
    May 15, 2014 | New York, N.Y.

  

 

- Litigation Skills Symposium
    May 20-23, 2014 | Dallas, Texas

- Student Debt Crisis Symposium
    May 30, 2014 | Washington, D.C.

June
- Central States Bankruptcy Workshop
    June 12-15, 2014 | Lake Geneva, Wis.

July
- Northeast Bankruptcy Conference
    July 17-20, 2014 | Stowe, Vt.

- Southeast Bankruptcy Conference
    July 24-27, 2014 | Amelia Island, Fla.

August
- Fourth Hawai'i Bankruptcy Workshop
    Aug. 13-16, 2014 | Maui, Hawai'i

 

 
 
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PNC Receives Subpoenas over Payment-Processing Mortgage-Lending Practices

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PNC Financial Services Group Inc. has received a subpoena from the U.S. Department of Justice concerning its relationships with merchants for payment-processing services, the Wall Street Journal reported yesterday. The company made the disclosure as it faces ongoing mortgage probes by prosecutors. In the filing, PNC said the DOJ asked for information on the "return rate" for certain "merchant and payment processor customers with whom PNC has a depository relationship." The DOJ and other regulators have been probing the role that banks play in providing payment-processing services to merchants that have been accused of charging customers for certain services, such as debt-relief programs, that have generated fraud complaints from consumers. PNC also said Monday that it is cooperating with ongoing investigations related to other subpoenas concerning mortgage-lending practices. The bank said Monday that it has received three subpoenas from prosecutors, including two from the U.S. attorney's office for the Southern District of New York regarding the practices of National City Bank, a Cleveland-based lender PNC acquired in 2008.

Mortgage Servicers Ties Raise Regulatory Concern

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Ocwen Financial now services about one of every four subprime mortgages in the U.S., creating concern among state and federal regulators that Ocwen is mishandling some of the mortgages it now services, citing examples of shoddy paperwork and faulty technology, the New York Times DealBook blog reported today. Regulators and investors, which actually own most of the loans Ocwen services, are also questioning the unusual arrangements between Ocwen — “new co” spelled backward — and four other publicly traded companies where Ocwen head William C. Erbey is chairman. They question such practices as buying up delinquent loans and renting out foreclosed houses. In effect, Erbey’s enterprise has become a complex financial services group, but without the regulatory scrutiny that a bank must face.

Top CFPB Official Vows to Crack Down on Mortgage Servicers

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Steven Antonakes, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's deputy director, said that mortgage servicers have had more than a year to prepare for a reform rule that took effect last month and suggested that the CFPB would move quickly and harshly against violators, American Banker reported yesterday. Antonakes acknowledged that the agency has previously suggested that it would be tolerant of mortgage servicing companies so long as they were making a "good-faith effort" to comply with the rule, but he warned that such allowances only extend so far. "A good-faith effort, however, does not mean servicers have the freedom to harm consumers," Antonakes said. The new mortgage servicing rule that went into effect on Jan. 10 requires clearer monthly statements and stricter timelines in responding to borrowers. It also bans servicers from dual tracking loan modifications and foreclosure procedures, as well as using force-placed insurance as a regular practice rather than a last resort.