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4th Circuit

Fourth Circuit Broadly Defines Restitutions that Aren’t Discharged in Chapter 13

The federal appeals court brushed aside technicalities under state criminal law in deciding that an order for restitution was not discharged under Section 1328(a)(3).

4th Circuit

As Subsequent Transferees, Churches Must Cough Up Fraudulent Transfers

Judge Huennekens explained that a church’s immunity for receipt of a constructively fraudulent transfer only applies if the transferor was an individual and the transferor was the debtor.

4th Circuit
Virginia
Virginia Eastern District

RSAs Don’t Bar Indenture Trustees from Creditors’ Committee Membership

Bankruptcy Judge Brian Kenney ruled that an indenture trustee must be on a committee when the debt is ‘overwhelmingly’ held by bondholders.

4th Circuit
Virginia
Virginia Eastern District

An Agreement to Modify a Mortgage Was an Assumable Executory Contract

Is pre-filing a mortgage modification agreement a contract to make a loan that cannot be assumed under Section 365(c)(2)?

4th Circuit
West Virginia
West Virginia Southern District

Orders for Contempt and Sanctions Aren’t Appealable in the Fourth Circuit

Whether orders in contested matters are ever appealable is in doubt after a Fourth Circuit decision that declined to follow contrary opinions by bankruptcy appellate panels.

4th Circuit

Fourth Circuit Says Entireties Property Is Not Exempt from Tax Debt

The lack of perfection of a federal tax lien did not mean that the entireties interest was exempt under Section 522(b)(3).

4th Circuit

Being a ‘Net Winner’ in a Ponzi Scheme Doesn’t Automatically Mean Nondischargeability

Alleging that a debtor realized an ‘impossibly high’ rate of return in a Ponzi scheme isn’t enough to state a claim of nondischargeability for ‘actual fraud.’

4th Circuit
North Carolina
North Carolina Eastern District

Lack of Financial Distress Doesn’t Divest a Court of Subject Matter Jurisdiction

Two North Carolina Courts have held within two months that the Bankruptcy Clause doesn’t demand ‘financial distress’ to establish subject matter jurisdiction.

4th Circuit
North Carolina
North Carolina Western District

Agreements in Settlement of Nondischargeable Debts Are Themselves Nondischargeable

Fourth Circuit holds that attorneys’ fees and interest in pursuit of nondischargeable debts are themselves nondischargeable.

4th Circuit

Denial of Modification of a Chapter 11 Plan Is Final and Appealable

Baltimore district judge applies the Fourth Circuit’s ‘substantial and unanticipated’ test to modifications of chapter 11 plans.

4th Circuit
Maryland
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