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Purchasing Trademarks Out of Bankruptcy

A major trend in insolvency law over the past 10 years is the increase in assets sales through bankruptcy. Instead of a confirming a reorganization plan under chapter 11, a majority of debtors market and sell substantially all their assets through a §363 sale. A major challenge for potential buyers in this situation is the ability to accurately value the assets to be purchased. This uncertainty can be especially pronounced when intellectual property (IP) rights, such as trademarks, are involved since their value depends, in large part, on the ability of the owner to enforce its monopoly.

Timing Is Everything: Assumption and Rejection of Executory Contracts after Penn Traffic

On April 29, 2008, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in In re The Penn Traffic Co., 2008 WL 1885328, held that under Bankruptcy Code §365, a nondebtor party to a contract that is executory at the time a bankruptcy case is commenced cannot, by post-petition tender or performance of its own outstanding obligations under the contract, deprive the debtor party of the ability to exercise its statutory right to reject the contract as disadvantageous to the estate.

The Imposition of Constructive Trusts in Bankruptcy Proceedings

Constructive trusts are creations of state law. However, some bankruptcy courts have exercised their equitable powers to impose constructive trusts on estate assets. Other bankruptcy courts have concluded that the notion of constructive trusts is at odds with the goals of the Bankruptcy Code. As set forth below, a party seeking imposition of a constructive trust must commence an adversary proceeding. The plaintiff has the burden of proof, and the standard is clear and convincing evidence.