Many lawyers viewed chapter 11, which came into effect in 1979, as unsuccessful in the 1980s. Large firms had been mired in bankruptcy for years — three years, on average. The process was seen as expensive, inaccurate and subject to abuse. While bankruptcy today still has problems with considerable conflict, and few would say it works perfectly, the overall contrast with bankruptcy today is stark: Bankruptcies that took years in the 1980s take months in the 2020s.