SCOTUS’s Changeable Views of Sovereign Immunity: Where Exceptions Become the Rules

Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U.S. 419 (1793); Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1 (1911 (1890); Pennsylvania v. Union Gas Co., 491 U.S. 1 (1989); Gardner v. N.J., 329 U.S. 565 (1947); Dellmuth v. Muth, 491 U.S. 223 (1989); Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445 (1976); Hoffman v. Connecticut Dep't of Income Maintenance, 492 U.S. 96 (1989); Seminole Tribe of Florida v. Florida, 517 U.S. 44,72-73 (1996); Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123 (1908); In re Hood, 319 F.3d 755 (6th Cir. 2003); Tennessee Student Assistance Corp. v. Hood, 541 U.S. 440 (2004); California v. Deep Research Inc., 523 U.S. 491 (1998); Central Community College v. Katz, 546 U.S. 356 (2006); Allen v. Cooper, 1400 S. Ct. 994 (2020); PennEast Pipeline Co., LLC v. New Jersey, 141 S. Ct. 2244 (2021); Blatchford v. Native Village of Noatak, 501 U.S. 775 (1991); Torres v. Tex. Dep’t of Public Safety, 1142 S. Ct. 2455 (2022).