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Analysis: Goldman, Morgan Stanley Seek to Plug Holes After Split Verdict on 'Living Wills'

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April 28, 2016

 
ABI Bankruptcy Brief
 
NEWS AND ANALYSIS

Analysis: Goldman, Morgan Stanley Seek to Plug Holes After Split Verdict on 'Living Wills'

When U.S. regulators this month announced their verdicts on eight big banks' "livings wills" — blueprints showing how the institutions would fail without needing a bailout — officials promised more clarity in a process that the industry has criticized as opaque. The government did release more information than in the past about decisions that affect banks' business plans and balance sheets. But the fact that the two agencies involved issued clashing verdicts on a pair of large Wall Street investment banks, Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley, stoked confusion and added to calls for the government to be even more transparent in next year's verdicts, according to an analysis in today's Wall Street Journal. Both Goldman and Morgan Stanley said this month they are committed to addressing regulators' concerns, and all the banks are set to meet with the two agencies, the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., in the coming weeks. While the Fed and FDIC spoke with one voice to six of the eight firms they assessed — failing five and passing one — their disagreement on Goldman and Morgan Stanley came without a clear explanation. The Fed failed Morgan Stanley, but the FDIC didn't. The opposite was true for Goldman. Because the regulators disagreed on Goldman and Morgan Stanley, the firms avoided the "failing" label — and the potential sanctions that come with it, such as higher capital requirements — but the firms still have to take action on the shortcomings that regulators perceived. The opposing verdicts are a reminder of the subjective nature of regulators' decisions and the agencies' continuing struggle to communicate their expectations to the industry.

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Analysis: Buyouts Saddle Struggling Retailers with Debts They Can't Repay

Sports Authority Inc. learned the hard way that buyout debt can be a drag as the bankrupt company was loaded with at least $643 million in debt, a hangover from its $1.4 billion leveraged buyout in 2006 by investors led by Leonard Green & Partners, Bloomberg News reported today. Other retailers filing recently for bankruptcy include Deb Shops Inc., a 2007 buyout by Thomas H. Lee Equity Partners Inc., and Dots Stores Inc., a 2011 purchase by Irving Place Capital. Also headed for the debt wall are Claire's Stores Inc., bought by Apollo Global Management in 2007, and Gymboree Corp., a 2010 Bain Capital Partners acquisition. Some in the industry see high levels of indebtedness as a new normal. Many retailers that are struggling now have been slowing down for years, said Sandeep Mathrani, chief executive officer of mall-owner General Growth Properties Inc. In the fast-evolving world of retail where the one constant is the need for investment, retailers laboring under heavy debt are at a disadvantage. "Doing it right is very expensive," said Raya Sokolyanska, an analyst with Moody’s Investor Service in New York. "Limited financial flexibility has been a reason why a lot of these retailers haven’t been able to fight back and position themselves correctly for growth." With the rise of smartphones, shoppers can compare prices in an instant. While competitors such as Dick’s Sporting Goods Inc. were sprucing up stores and building their online businesses, Sports Authority was falling behind, said Ryan Severino, senior economist at REIS Inc. Charles Tatelbaum, a bankruptcy attorney with Tripp Scott in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., said he expects companies acquired through leveraged buyouts to be well represented in the next round of retail bankruptcies because a firm with high debt is running in a three-legged race.

 

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What are the prospects for traditional brick-and-mortar retail? A panel at ABI’s New York City Bankruptcy Conference will examine retail’s changing landscape. Register today!

Texas, Oklahoma, Wyoming: Oil Woes Start to Hit Hard

In states from Oklahoma and Texas to North Dakota and Wyoming, rising unemployment in the energy sector is pushing up loan delinquencies and raising the risk of new losses for banks, the Wall Street Journal reported yesterday. Wells Fargo & Co. this month reported an increase in borrowers falling behind on payments in areas including Houston and parts of Alaska. JPMorgan Chase & Co. said that auto-loan delinquency rates picked up in some energy-related markets. Overall, energy-dependent states are posting delinquency rates that in many cases exceed the national average, according to data prepared for the Wall Street Journal by credit bureau TransUnion. Nearly 119,600 oil and gas jobs nationwide have been eliminated — 22 percent of the total — since September 2014, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. The price of U.S.-traded oil, while on the rise this year, has dropped 28 percent since June. Some analysts have warned that persistent crude oversupply could prevent further price gains. (Subscription required.)

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White House Steps Up Effort to Reform Student Loan Servicing to Stave Off Rising Defaults

The White House unveiled a series of initiatives today to improve the way the government collects payments on education loans, at a time when defaults are rising, the Washington Post reported today. Government agencies are working together to provide the 43 million Americans who carry $1.3 trillion in student debt more transparent information about the terms of their loans, account features and consumer protections. They also are asking colleges, local governments and employers to help get the word out about repayment plans, especially those that cap monthly payments to a percentage of earnings, known as income-driven repayment plans. The Obama administration has given Americans more options for repaying their student debt so they can avoid default, expanding income-driven plans that require little to no money from people in dire straits. Direct outreach by the Department of Education and marketing campaigns has led to higher enrollment, yet the amount of people severely behind on their debt remains stubbornly high. To reach as large an audience as possible, the CFPB is releasing its own “Payback Playbook,” a guide to help borrowers determine the best repayment plans for them. The playbook will be available to borrowers included in their monthly bills, in email communications from servicers and when they log into their student loan accounts. The bureau is also working to develop guidance to make sure that servicers provide fair, consistent and accurate data to credit bureaus.

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In related news, more law firms are adopting initiatives to help lawyers refinance their law school loans at reduced rates, American Lawyer reported yesterday. Last year, Latham & Watkins spearheaded a program with First Republic Bank Co. that allows associates with student loans exceeding $50,000 to refinance at rates as low as 2.5 percent. Since January, at least three other Am Law 100 firms have set up similar programs with the bank. The latest to join the club is Kirkland & Ellis, which launched a program this week that allows associates paying between 6.5 and 8 percent interest on their loans to refinance with First Republic.

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Opponents of New Retirement Rule Renew Efforts to Kill It

Opponents of a new rule on retirement advice are regrouping to mount a fresh attack, as their initial optimism has given way to the realization of the regulation's deep and long-lasting impact on the financial industry, the Wall Street Journal reported today. Three weeks after the Labor Department unveiled a tougher standard for brokers working on retirement accounts, the House is expected to pass a resolution tomorrow to scrap it. Trade groups, after keeping relatively quiet as they sought to digest the regulation known as the fiduciary rule, have come out strongly in support of Republican-led efforts aimed at preventing it from taking effect. Any legislative attempt to block the new rule has a slim chance of success. The White House issued a statement yesterday saying that the president would veto the bill. Still, the lawmakers' swift action and the unified front of industry groups show that opposition to the rule remains strong. Reflecting continued industry concerns, eight big trade groups had jointly sent a letter to House lawmakers yesterday timed to coincide with the vote, urging them to kill the new rule. (Subscription required.)

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Latest ABI Podcast Looks at the Challenges in Representing Creditors' Committees

In a new ABI Podcast, ABI Resident Scholar Melissa Jacoby talks with Mark E. Felger of Cozen O'Connor (Wilmington, Del.) and Paul Hage of Jaffe Raitt Heuer & Weiss (Southfield, Mich.) about the challenges that professionals face when representing creditors' committees. Felger and Hage are co-authors of ABI's Representing the Creditors' Committee: A Guide for Practitioners, available for purchase in ABI's Bookstore.

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BLOG EXCHANGE

New on ABI's Bankruptcy Blog Exchange: Where Is OCC in Court Battle over State Usury Limits?

The potentially wide-ranging effects of an appeals court decision in Midland Funding v. Madden could deal a serious blow to preemption under the National Bank Act, according to a recent blog post.

To read more on this blog and all others on the ABI Blog Exchange, please click here.

 

 
 
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Argentina Bans on Bond Payments Dropped by U.S. Judge

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A judge overseeing lawsuits tied to Argentina’s 2001 sovereign debt default dropped orders barring the nation from issuing bonds and sanctioning its return to the global debt markets after a 15-year absence, Bloomberg News reported on Friday. U.S. District Judge Thomas Griesa’s order came after the world’s eighth-largest country said that it dropped a law barring payment to holdout creditors and paid bondholders who settled earlier this year, including a $2.3 billion deal with Paul Singer’s Elliott Management Corp. The judge set those conditions for the orders to be dropped. Argentina now can go ahead with a planned $15 billion bond sale to pay off the holdout creditors from a 2001 default.

U.S. Regulators to Focus on Borrowing at Large Hedge Funds

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Top U.S. regulators are set to focus on borrowing by the hedge-fund industry, particularly large funds, as they assess potential risks in the asset-management sector, the Wall Street Journal reported today. The Financial Stability Oversight Council voted unanimously at a public meeting yesterday to endorse a 27-page “update” of its more-than-two-year review of financial-stability risks tied to the asset-management industry. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew said that the oversight council, a group of senior regulators that he heads, has found that leverage in the hedge-fund industry appears to be concentrated at larger funds, though he cautioned that “greater leverage does not necessarily imply greater risk or systemic risk” and more factors need to be considered. Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Mary Jo White said her agency, the fund industry’s primary regulator, supported the council’s joint statement yesterday but that the SEC would be making its own decisions about future rules. “We will consider and rely on our analysis of the input we receive from the public in the notice and comment process,” she said.

UBS Blamed in U.S. Trial for $2.1 Billion in Mortgage Bond Losses

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UBS AG went to trial yesterday over $2.1 billion in losses that investors incurred on mortgage-backed securities after the collapse of the U.S. housing market, Reuters reported. The non-jury trial in Manhattan federal court stems from a lawsuit being pursued by U.S. Bancorp on behalf of three trusts established for mortgage-backed securities, the type of financial product at the heart of the 2008 financial crisis. Sean Baldwin, the trusts' lawyer, in his opening statement said UBS contractually agreed that the mortgages underlying those securities would meet certain standards. When pervasive defects emerged, the bank refused to buy them back, he said. But Thomas Nolan, a lawyer for UBS, told U.S. District Judge Kevin Castel that the trusts' lawyers were looking at the loans with a "hindsight bias," and the question was whether the loans were seen as defective when they were issued in 2006 and 2007.

Invesco Cuts Ownership of SunEdison's TerraForm Power Yieldco

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Invesco Ltd., one of the largest investors in TerraForm Power Inc., sold more than half of the Class A shares it held in the yieldco unit of embattled renewable-energy developer SunEdison Inc., Bloomberg News reported yesterday. Atlanta-based Invesco owned 3.75 million Class A shares of TerraForm Power as of March 31, or about 4.7 percent, according to a filing Monday, down from 9.05 million shares at the end of 2015. That leaves the money manager, formerly the second-largest investor in the stock, as the seventh-largest holder. TerraForm Power is one of two yieldcos — publicly traded holding companies that buy and own operating wind and solar farms — created and controlled by SunEdison. The energy company is teetering on the brink of bankruptcy after a global acquisition spree that drove up its debt to $11.7 billion as of Sept. 30.

Banks Face Massive New Headache on Oil Loans

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When big banks announce earnings starting on Wednesday, the spotlight will be on massive energy loans that most investors didn’t know much about until recently, the Wall Street Journal reported today. These unfunded loans have been promised to energy companies that haven’t yet tapped the money. Many banks historically haven’t disclosed these loans but have begun to recently following the extended slide in oil and gas prices. In the first quarter, a handful of energy borrowers announced more than $3 billion of drawdowns against these types of loans. Those commitments are expected to trickle down to bank earnings and saddle firms with more energy exposure at a time they are trying to pare it back. Banks in recent months have set aside billions of dollars to cover potential losses tied to energy companies, a trend likely to continue as more loans go bad. Fitch Ratings Inc. is expected to release a report this week saying that nearly 60 percent of unrated and below-investment-grade energy companies are likely to have loans labeled as “classified,” or in danger of default under regulatory guidelines. “It’s grim,” said Sharon Bonelli, senior director of leveraged finance at Fitch. Read more. (Subscription required.) 

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Analysis: Treasury’s Inversion Crackdown Will Sting Investment Bankers

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Treasury’s tough new rules on corporate inversions are unwelcome news for beleaguered investment bankers, the Wall Street Journal reported today. The decision by Pfizer to cancel its $150 billion merger with Allergan PLC means that investment bankers who worked on the deal will lose out on hundreds of millions of dollars of fees. Late last year, research firm Freeman & Co. estimated those fees would amount to between $280 million to $350 million. Pfizer’s advisers were Goldman Sachs Group, Centerview Partners, Guggenheim Partners and Moelis & Co. Freeman & Co. estimated it would pay them between $120 million and $150 million in fees. Allergan, advised by JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Morgan Stanley, was expected to pay between $160 million and $200 million. Advising on tax inversions has been a lucrative business for investment bankers. U.S. investment banks have been advisors on over $700 billion of announced tax inversion deals since 2011, according to Dealogic. Last year alone, U.S. advisors were involved in announced deals valued at $240 billion. Fees on inversions since 2011 have amounted to $1.3 billion, Thomson Reuters estimated. Such deals make-up around 5-6 percent of the overall mergers and acquisitions market, according to Credit Suisse analyst Ashley Serrao.

U.S. Unveils Retirement-Savings Revamp

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The Obama administration today will roll out a long-anticipated new rule aimed at transforming the way the financial industry delivers retirement-savings advice — but offered significant concessions to critics that could make it more palatable and less disruptive for brokers, the Wall Street Journal reported today. The fiduciary rule is aimed at curbing billions of dollars in fees paid annually by small savers who transfer money out of 401(k)s, which are required to operate in their best interests — and into individual retirement accounts, which aren’t currently bound by such protections. There, savers may be working with financial-product salespeople who earn more selling certain products and don’t have to put their clients’ interests before their own. Administration officials intend it as a direct attack on what they consider “a business model [that] rests on bilking hard-working Americans out of their retirement money,” Jeff Zients, director of the White House National Economic Council, told reporters yesterday. About $14 trillion in retirement savings could be affected by the rule, which requires stockbrokers providing retirement advice to act as “fiduciaries” who will serve their clients’ “best interest.” That is stricter than the current standard, which only says they need to offer “suitable” recommendations, a standard that critics say has encouraged some advisers to charge excessive fees or favor investments that offer hidden commissions.